)services: 45.9% (2017 est. [32], In 1520, Photisarath came to the throne and moved the capital from Luang Prabang to Vientiane to avoid a Burmese invasion. [64] A new province, Xaisomboun province, was established on 13 December 2013. On September 1, 1945, the Kingdom of Laos was confirmed [2] as an independent kingdom under Japanese protection. )biomass and waste: 0.2% of total installed capacity (2020 est. ), $7,800 (2021 est. )methane emissions: 9 megatons (2020 est. Most people live in valleys of the Mekong River and its tributaries. [38] France rescued King Oun Kham and added Luang Phrabang to the protectorate of French Indochina. WebShop for kingdom of laos wall art from the world's greatest living artists. The Kingdom of Laosball was an Indochinese state prior to the foundation of Lao People's Democratic Republicball. )from consumed natural gas: 0 metric tonnes of CO2 (2019 est. ), $14.9 billion (31 December 2017 est. ), unexploded ordnance; deforestation; soil erosion; loss of biodiversity; water pollution, most of the population does not have access to potable water, party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands, Whalingsigned, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements, particulate matter emissions: 24.49 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est. The sinh is a traditional garment worn by Lao women in daily life. note: data are in current year dollars$7.518 billion (2019 est. )geothermal: 0% of total installed capacity (2020 est. )9,045.788 (2020 est. Other Hmong fighters hid out in mountains in Xiangkhouang Province for many years, with a remnant emerging from the jungle in 2003. ), 63.6% of GDP (2017 est. [19] In English, the 's' is pronounced, and not silent. [48], Some 80million bombs failed to explode and remain scattered throughout the country, rendering vast swaths of land impossible to cultivate. [95], Human rights violations remain a significant concern in Laos. ), rice, roots/tubers nes, cassava, sugar cane, vegetables, bananas, maize, watermelons, coffee, taro, mining (copper, tin, gold, gypsum); timber, electric power, agricultural processing, rubber, construction, garments, cement, tourism, agriculture: 73.1%industry: 6.1%services: 20.6% (2012 est. [14] It is a one-party socialist republic, espousing MarxismLeninism and governed by the Lao People's Revolutionary Party, under which non-governmental organisations have routinely characterised the country's human rights record as poor, citing repeated abuses such as torture, restrictions on civil liberties and persecution of minorities. )imports: 0 cubic meters (2021 est. However, as of 2018, there are approximately 1.9million of Lao's population who could not access an improved water supply and 2.4million people without access to improved sanitation. Moreover, 130,000 deaths can be attributed to the civil war. When he died without an heir, the kingdom split into three principalities. )8,401.335 (2018 est. [citation needed], On 2 December 1975, after taking control of the country, the Pathet Lao government under Kaysone Phomvihane renamed the country as the Lao People's Democratic Republic and signed agreements giving Vietnam the right to station armed forces and to appoint advisers to assist in overseeing the country. For example, Article 8 makes it clear that Laos is a multinational state and is committed to equality between ethnic groups. There are two plateaux, the Xiangkhoang in the north and the Bolaven Plateau at the southern end. English, the language of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), has become increasingly studied in recent years. [4] )5.46% (2019 est. In 1977, a communist newspaper promised the party would hunt down the "American collaborators" and their families "to the last root". WebThe Lao people, the predominant ethnic group in present-day Laos, are a branch of the Tai peoples who by the 8th century ce had established a powerful kingdom, Nanzhao, in )female: 10.3% (2020 est. It is located on Grant Avenue between the path to the JFK memorial and the Tomb of the Unknowns, in Arlington, Virginia, in the United States. Mon-Khmer groups, the Hmong, and other indigenous hill tribes live in the foothills and mountains. ), total: 24 yearsmale: 23.7 yearsfemale: 24.4 years (2020 est. ), 1.26% (2021 est. The main international airports are Vientiane's Wattay International Airport and Luang Prabang International Airport with Pakse International Airport also having a few international flights. Laos's first French-written and monarchical constitution was promulgated on 11 May 1947, and declared Laos an independent state within the French Union. [139]:19, The martial art of muay Lao, the national sport,[180] is a form of kickboxing similar to Thailand's muay Thai, Burmese Lethwei and Cambodian Pradal Serey. 1946. The government of Laos, one of the few remaining one-party communist states, began decentralizing control and encouraging private enterprise in 1986. The organisation estimates that there are 173,800 French speakers in Laos (2010 est.). [128] As of 2021, despite cheap hydro power available in the country, Laos continues to also rely on fossil fuels, coal in particular, in the domestic electricity production. WebThe Kingdom of Laoswas officially proclaimed when the new Constitution was promulgated in 1947, as part of the colonial French Union, and obtained full independence in 1953. )expenditures: 4.038 billion (2017 est. A s we continue our 2023 Awards coverage, today we are talking to the sound team behind another film on the Best Sound Academy Awards shortlist Avatar: The Way of Water.. ), total: 37.78 deaths/1,000 live birthsmale: 41.76 deaths/1,000 live birthsfemale: 33.63 deaths/1,000 live births (2022 est. [125], Laos is rich in mineral resources and imports petroleum and gas. [145], In the central and southern mountains, Mon-Khmer-speaking groups, known as Lao Theung or mid-slope Laotians, predominate. Under the plan, refugee status was evaluated through a screening process. [76] As many as 200,000 Hmong went into exile in Thailand, with many ending up in the US. "[81] Republicans called several Congressional hearings on alleged persecution of the Hmong in Laos in an apparent attempt to generate further support for their opposition to the Hmong's repatriation to Laos. )spirits: 4.46 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est. [127] Of the potential capacity of approximately 18,000 megawatts, around 8,000 megawatts have been committed for export to Thailand and Vietnam. [47] Between 1964 and 1973, the US dropped two million tons of bombs on Laos, nearly equal to the 2.1million tons of bombs the US dropped on Europe and Asia during all of World War II, making Laos the most heavily bombed country in history relative to the size of its population; The New York Times notes this was "nearly a ton for every person in Laos". [47] As of 22March2021[update] the head of state is President Thongloun Sisoulith. The Lao Royals are now based in France, where they work to achieve a change of government in Laos. Laos's first expressway, the VientianeBoten Expressway, parallels both Route 13 and the BotenVientiane railway; the first section from Vientiane to Vang Vieng was opened in 2020, with other sections under construction. [145] The Lao belong to the Tai linguistic group[146] who began migrating south from China in the first millennium CE. [13] Because of its central geographical location in Southeast Asia, the kingdom became a hub for overland trade and became wealthy economically and culturally. Fa Ngum's eldest son, Oun Heuan, ascended to the throne under the name Samsenethai and reigned for 43years. [144], Laos's population was estimated at 7.45million in 2020, dispersed unevenly across the country. (approximately $100 million)0.2% of GDP (2016 est.) The revised constitution of 11 May 1957 omitted reference to the French Union, though close educational, health and technical ties with the former colonial power persisted. Currently unexploded ordnance (UXO), including cluster munitions and mines, kill or maim approximately 50 Laotians every year. WebWho is the father of Laos? In 1975, the communist Pathet Lao took control of the government, ending a six-century-old monarchy and instituting a strict socialist regime closely aligned to The Tai-Kadai Languages, ":: Overseas Compatriot Affairs Commission, R.o.c. Nevertheless, Laos remains a country with an underdeveloped infrastructure, particularly in rural areas. [138] Two new lines connecting with Vietnam, namely the VientianeVng ng and SavannakhetLao Bao railways, are also under planning, in line to meet the Laotian government's vision of becoming a land-linked nation. )-$230.973 million (2020 est. WebKingdom of Laos Stamps Album Exhibition In the Exhibits section, E. Moallem exhibits his Kingdom of Laos stamps album. Laos financed the remaining 30% with loans from China. Luang Prabang and Vat Phou are both UNESCO World Heritage sites. (approximately $95 million)0.2% of GDP (2015 est.) Collectively, they are known as Lao Soung or highland Laotians. )consumption: 0 cubic meters (2021 est. 3, "Through Chaos to a New Order", in, Sanda Simms, ch. [109], Laos and Vietnamese (SRV) troops were reported to have raped and killed four Christian Hmong women in Xiangkhouang Province in 2011, according to the US-based non-governmental public policy research organisation The Centre for Public Policy Analysis, which also said other Christian and independent Buddhist and animist believers were being persecuted. The government appears committed to raising the country's profile among foreign investors and has developed special economic zones replete with generous tax incentives, but a limited labor pool, a small domestic market, and corruption remain impediments to investment. Choose your favorite kingdom of laos designs and purchase them as wall art, home decor, phone cases, tote bags, and more! The Government [edit | edit source] According to the Franco-Lao treaty of 1953, Laos was an independent country. WebKingdom-of-laos Definition Meanings Definition Source Filter A former country in Southeast Asia (official name). The stated policy objectives of both the Lao government and international donors remain focused upon achieving sustainable economic growth and poverty reduction. Many elements of Lao culture predate Buddhism. Visit the Definitions and Notes page to view a description of each topic. The economy has benefited from high-profile foreign direct investment in hydropower dams along the Mekong River, copper and gold mining, logging, and construction, although some projects in these industries have drawn criticism for their environmental impacts. ), total dependency ratio: 54.7youth dependency ratio: 48elderly dependency ratio: 6.7potential support ratio: 14.8 (2021 est. China, for example, provided 70% of the funding for a $5.9 billion, 400-km railway line between the Chinese border and the capital Vientiane, which opened for operations in December 2021. ), total population: 68.15 yearsmale: 66.49 yearsfemale: 69.88 years (2022 est. More than half of the nation's population is ethnic Laothe principal lowland inhabitants, and the politically and culturally dominant people of Laos. [77] Pressure to resettle the refugees grew as the Thai government worked to close its remaining refugee camps. Lao Soung account for about 10% of the population. [78] Of those Hmong who did return to Laos, some quickly escaped back to Thailand, describing discrimination and brutal treatment at the hands of Lao authorities. note: data are in current year dollars$5.816 billion (2020 est.) On December 15, 1946, in the face of guerrilla raids from across the Mekong, forty-four delegates to the Kingdom of Laos's first popularly elected [81] Debate on the issue escalated quickly. and Yurnaidi, Z., 2020. [153][154] Buddhism has long been one of the most important social forces in Laos. Lao PDR: How to Attract More Investment in Small-Scale Renewable Energy? The Pathet Lao were backed militarily by the People's Army of Vietnam (PAVN) and the Viet Cong. Laos has the youngest population of any country in Asia with a median age of 21.6 years. [113] A number of citizens, primarily women and girls from all ethnic groups and foreigners, have been victims of sex trafficking in Laos. Usually called Laos . ), degree of risk: very high (2020)food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fevervectorborne diseases: dengue fever and malaria, total: 8.15 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est. Some Vietnamese, Laotian Chinese[148] and Thai minorities remain, particularly in the towns, but many left after independence in the late 1940s, many of whom relocated either to Vietnam, Hong Kong, or to France. State flag and civil ensign of Kingdom of Laos [4] [5] Three horizontal stripes, with the )subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 2 (2020 est. Its thickly forested landscape consists mostly of rugged mountains, the highest of which is Phou Bia at 2,818 metres (9,245ft), with some plains and plateaus. [175] Lao citizens who have criticised the government have been subjected to enforced disappearances, arbitrary arrests and torture. Pakxe has also experienced growth based on cross-border trade with Thailand and Vietnam. According to the World Bank data conducted in 2014, Laos has met the Millennium Development Goal (MDG) targets on water and sanitation regarding the UNICEF/WHO Joint Monitoring Programme. ), total subscriptions: 4.1 million (2020 est. [129], In 2018, the country ranked 139th on the Human Development Index (HDI), indicating medium development. The king then secretly sent Prince Kindavong to represent Laos to the Allied forces and Prince Sisavang as representative to the Japanese. The Lao alphabet, which evolved sometime between the 13th and 14th centuries, was derived from the ancient Khmer script and is very similar to Thai script. Now the Lao People's [164] One of the first commercial feature-length films was Sabaidee Luang Prabang, made in 2008. In 1950, the French were forced to give Laos semi-autonomy as an "associated state" within the French Union. Layers of Chinese Loanwords in Proto-Southwestern Tai as Evidence for the Dating of the Spread of Southwestern Tai, "Let's hope Laos hangs on to its identity", "Slavery in Nineteenth-Century Northern Thailand: Archival Anecdotes and Village Voices", Creating Laos: The Making of a Lao Space Between Indochina and Siam, 18601945, "Laos Encyclopdia Britannica Overview", "Making More Enemies than We Kill? Subsistence agriculture still accounts for half of the GDP and provides 80% of employment. WebFind the perfect Kingdom Of Laos stock photos and editorial news pictures from Getty Images. [citation needed], Massive aerial bombardments against the PAVN/Pathet Lao forces were carried out by the United States to prevent the collapse of the Kingdom of Laos central government, and to deny the use of the Ho Chi Minh Trail to attack US forces in South Vietnam. )from petroleum and other liquids: 2.855 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2019 est. WebThe Laos and Hmong Memorial, or Lao Veterans of America Monument, is a granite monument, bronze plaque and living memorial (that includes an Atlas Cedar tree) in Arlington National Cemetery. The 1957 document was abrogated in December 1975, when a communist people's republic was proclaimed. Din vin: Kanna Hashimoto Kento Yamazaki Ryo Yoshizawa. According to the USCommittee for Refugees, he was arrested by Lao security forces and was never seen again. The Franco-Siamese Treaty of 1907 defined the current Lao border with Thailand. The khaen traditionally accompanied the singer in mor lam, the dominant style of folk music. [63], Laos is divided into 17 provinces (khoueng) and one prefecture (kampheng nakhon), which includes the capital city Vientiane (Nakhon Louang Viangchan). [70] Laos was admitted into the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) in July 1997 and acceded to the World Trade Organization in 2016. [25] Stone artefacts including Hoabinhian types have been found at sites dating to the Late Pleistocene in northern Laos. [43], During World War II in Laos, Vichy France, Thailand, Imperial Japan and Free France occupied Laos. Laos was then dependent on military and economic aid from the Soviet Union until its dissolution in 1991. Energy Efficiency Retrofitting of Buildings Challenges and Methods", Diller, Anthony; Edmondson, Jerry; Luo, Yongxian (2004). Archaeological evidence suggests an agriculturi ), at birth: 1.04 male(s)/female0-14 years: 1.03 male(s)/female15-24 years: 1 male(s)/female25-54 years: 0.99 male(s)/female55-64 years: 0.94 male(s)/female65 years and over: 0.71 male(s)/femaletotal population: 0.99 male(s)/female (2022 est. [135] The European Council on Trade and Tourism awarded the country the "World Best Tourist Destination" designation for 2013 for architecture and history.[136]. )exports: 0 cubic meters (2021 est. Lao People's Democratic Republic", Asian Migrations: Social and Geographical Mobilities in Southeast, East, and Northeast Asia, "Release of the Global Innovation Index 2020: Who Will Finance Innovation? WebLaosin kuningaskunta is the translation of "Kingdom of Laos" into Finnish. )imports of goods and services: -43.2% (2017 est. Additionally, the Khao San Pathet Lao, the country's official news agency, publishes English and French versions of its eponymous paper. In 1990 only 8% of the rural population had access to improved sanitation. [121] The irrigated areas under cultivation account for only 28% of the total area under cultivation which, in turn, represents only 12% of all of the agricultural land in 2012. [42] By 1943, the Vietnamese population stood at nearly 40,000, forming the majority in the largest cities of Laos and enjoying the right to elect its own leaders.